Discharge Planning And Processing Nursing Care Nursing Essay

Discharge Planning And Processing Nursing Care Nursing Essay Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, and scope of practice. Nurses practice in a wide diversity of practice areas with a different scope of practice and level of prescriber authority in each. Many nurses provide care within the ordering scope of physicians, and this traditional role has come to shape the historic public image of nurses as care providers. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level. In the postwar period, nurse education has undergone a process of diversification towards advanced and specialized credentials, and many of the traditional regulations and provider roles are changing. Nursing care is understood as being particularly crucial during patients recovery from serious illness or injury. Classically, it was thought that people requiring these services were probably people who were bed ridden. The objective of health services delivery is not only to care for bed ridden people but also anybody else that have a condition that is reducing their quality of life. It is known that some diseases significantly reduce the quality of life led by individuals and not by necessarily sending them to bed. The aim of healthcare today is to assist any person with any disease, ailment or any form of suffering to recover and have a joyous and creative life. Another factor that makes a nurse to be specifically suited to their job is because they are trained about community care. They deliver care in the context of the whole community. They are able to reach the society or community and teach or assist them on the best way to care for various people needing care in a society. Psoriasis is a non-contagious disease that affects a peoples skin. It is found in a class of diseases that are described as immune mediated. It occurs when a persons body starts sensing the skin cells that are foreign cells of disease causing microorganisms hence reacting against them. For this reason, the body responds to this faulty signal by producing more skin cells. The patients skin cells in the affected places divide up to 10 times faster and lead to accumulation of dead cells on the surface. The skin of the patient appears to have a red plaque that is covered with white rashes. This disease is particularly acutely irritating and is probably the most frustrating and unpredictable skin disorder. This disorder is also the most inexplicable and continual skin illnesses. Some parts of the body are more affected by this disease than others. These include the scalp, elbows, and knees. Some other parts are affected but on rare instances. They include the soles, the palms, and the fee t. Commons symptoms of psoriasis include reddening of the skin with white or silvery scales occurring at the top. These areas can be exceedingly sore and may crack and bleed occasionally. In most cases, the affected patches expand and coalesce forming large and continuous patches. In other instances, this disease may affect the nails where nails become rough, crumbled or even detached from their bed. Another symptom that health care providers look for in diagnosing psoriasis is crusts, scales or plaques on a persons scalp. There are various aspects of care that a nurse considers during care delivery. These are sometimes utilized by professional nurses as a checklist to ensure that the care is all inclusive, and the process of recovery is holistic. The main aim of this assignment is to address the nursing care of a patient with psoriasis based on two aspects of care which include patient education and discharge planning and process. Patients Education of Psoriasis Patient It is essential in the nursing care process of a patient with psoriasis to be educated and advised on how to live with the society, to avoid psychological torture and lastly to meet the prescribed medical instruction. The Patients are reported to face stigma and antagonism by such other people in the society. They become less indispensable resource to the society and hence said to experience negative attitude for the firsthand. They have seen how a single look on them initiates talks among people among other forms of stigmatization. Nurses teach patients to become ambassadors of truth. The society mistreats its members through stigmatization because of ignorance. The nurses also educate patients on how to protect friends, relatives and other members of the community (Smith et al, 2002). Moreover in Medical care, the nurse give educational care techniques including assistance on the application of the medicine, monitoring the progress of the patient and advising the patients on the fa ctors that aggravate psoriasis. Secondly, the nurses have noticed that the patients due to stress are currently suffering from psychological disorders such as post traumatic stress disorders and anxiety. They feel neglected and thus they need psychological education. Some of the nurses collaborate with psychologists to educate both the society and the psoriasis patients. In most case, nurses find themselves in a situation where the psychological health of the patient is crucial. Some patient feel like their image has been dented after they suffer from a psoriasis attack. The nurse has to respond to this by educating the patient on how to deal with these psychological problems. Sometimes, the patient is so psychologically affected that the nurse has to refer the patient for specialized counseling among other interventions. Bearing in mind the wide spread nature of psoriasis nurses come up with a way of assisting the society. The challenge that nurses face is lack of an elaborate system of reaching the society in order to educate them. The patients are advised on how to live healthy and boost their self-esteem. Nurses take this opportunity to educate parents and guardians how to handle the case and enhance the recovery of the patient. These educational programs are currently found to improve the health of the patient and to reduce stigmatization directed to the skin infections victims. Also in some cases, nurses organize members of the public into groups which have initiated some sports or even meditation. Other benefits of these sports are they help to deal with behaviors such as scratching. Furthermore other patients educational campaigns carried out by the nurse are to educate the patients and the society on the symptoms and origin of the disease thus clearing misconceptions in peoples mind. For example, some people believe that psoriasis is a sign of a curse, due to this they fail to take the medication and the advice seriously. It jeopardizes the process of treatment exceedingly and seriously. It may even increase stigma; people do not want to get close or in contact with a cursed person. Even when such people should be giving care, they stay away due to unreasonable fear. It becomes the responsibilities of nurses to shed more light on psoriasis. Friends, family, and people living with the affected individuals are educated to provide the necessary support for the patient. Lastly, the nurses are currently educating the patients who ignorantly fear to access the medical services due to been noticed that medical services will save them a lot from the disease. In some cases, it may disappear, in others it does not; thus, medical help is required. Additionally, it may leave an individual with extraordinarily large psychological problems that require specialized assistance. In most cases, nurses know specialists who can counsel and help the patient to fully recover. Nurses offer their advice regarding medical care and refer the patient for further counseling and peer support. In home care, the nurses are also educating the patients on how to handle stress. Medically, it is known that the careless and irresponsible behaviors that people develop during the stress cause psoriasis. Such behavior may include rubbing of hands and face. Stressed people have destructive tendencies of holding into anything and bringing things in contact with their faces. During care of a patient or other members of the community, the nurses shed more light on these issues so that people can lead a more informed life. They are also advised to protect themselves against excessive exposure to sunshine that can aggravate psoriasis especially during the summer periods. It is a method of illnesses prevention in a community, as observation of such basic rules can keep psoriasis at bay, at least for some people for some time (Walji et al, 1994). Thus in summary, the nurse has been carrying out the patients education across the medical services, stigmatizations and stress from other people, misconceptions and myths about the origin of the disease, treatment methods, society approach to psoriasis victims and lastly on how to handle psychological perception found to affect them adversely. Discharge Planning and Processing of Nursing Care Acute based care hospital discharge planning and process starts immediately upon admission in the hospitals. In most cases it is found to ensure that the nurses follow the right psoriasis disease medical guidelines and system (Fabian et al, 2011). It is defined as a multi-disciplinary nursing approach by the nurses and other medical practitioners to the patients signs, treatment process and discharging means. It involves several planning process, as described below. Immediately after admission of the patient, the first step in the nursing care designing planning and process is to examine the skin in general circumstances. The nurse should contact this within three hours. At the same time the patient is prepared for discharging through contacting the Medicare organizations such as insurance. At the same time the nurse should interview the patients about the problems linked to the disease, when did it start, what are some of the medications the patient accessed before and lastly, whether they have any hereditary problem of the disease across their family lineage. The next planning process is the nurse to describe the information given in line to the prevailing psoriasis diagnosis where the patient is taken for laboratory medical examination. At this process, the patients are instructed not to scratch themselves even if they are itching and home cares prepared for discharging process .This help to reduce more infections and complications. Moreover, in this stage, the patients are instructed to isolate themselves from other people in the society, utilize their own clothing and even take bath using bath oils. Moreover, the patient should avoid any skin injury that is going to complicate the medical process (Walji .Kingston, 1994) Third step in the discharge of nursing care planning method include keeping the skin moist. The nurses are trained to apply epidemiological prescription to ensure the patient skin is moist and thus not to itch. This involves reducing the scales by applying the necessary medical bath oils and staying in a cool place free from any dust and high temperature. The patients are also provided with some injections and clothing necessary to reduce itching, smell and pain. In the next stage, the patients are nursed in a manner as to keep the wounds clean and to apply the necessary antibiotics carefully and skillfully. This ensures that the patients do not have pain and itching is reduced. The nurses take this opportunity to educate the family members on how to prescribe the medical drugs to the psoriasis patients and thus improved services. At this moment, the nurses must monitor the risk of infections, outcomes of the disease and lastly the implication of the bath oil to the skin (Papadopoulo s Walker, 2003). Lastly, some of the patients found to be stressed, stigmatized and psychologically affected are provided with advices or even referred to psychologists for guidance and counseling. The nurses have a goal to improve the mind perceptions of the patients and to positively impact on their health. The nurses consider some numerous patients factors in the process of discharging the duties. They have to make necessary recommendations in line to the Medicare guideline so as to ensure that psoriasis patients enjoy the best Medicare services (Braverman, 1998). In the process, they must have insurance and Medicare eligibility so as to ensure that the psoriasis patient has in-patient services and hospitalized for at least three consecutive calendar years for observation purposes. Secondly, they must observe the cognitive status and especially their safety awareness while in the discharging process. This helps in reducing unnecessary infections to both the nurses and other patients. The clothing and bed sheets of the psoriasis infections must be handled with a lot of care (Camisa, 1994). Lastly, the nurses should observe the illness history and the future falls of the patient. Moreover, other factors that should be observed in the planning and discharge of psoriasis patients includes; age, living situation and lastly the daily nutrition and activities of the patients. Conclusion The nursing process of any psoriasis patient does not just require observation of the two aspects discussed above. Rather than that, it require all the nurses and medical practitioners to maintain people medical services to the patients, educate them and plan for the discharge process well. This will help to improve the health of this skin condition victim and reduce society misconception about the disease.

Integration Paper

ON-THE-JOB TRANING at JR AND R DISTRIBUTORS, INC. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Submitted by: Dilag, Mary Grace S. Submitted to: Juville C. Ranises November 12, 2012 I. Table of Contents I. II. III. IV. Table of Contents Brief History/ Background of the Company/ Company Profile Summary of the OJT Experience Assessment of the OJT/Practicum Program A. New Knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired B. Theories actually seen in practice C. Feedback that can be given to the company or institution D. Benefits gained E. Problems Encountered Related reading: Theories Actually Seen in PracticeV. Appendices A. Company brochure and/ or pamphlet B. Copy of Endorsement Letter C. Copy of the Training Plan D. Copy of the signed Waiver Form E. Daily Time Record F. Quarterly Performance Appraisal Form G. Certificate of Completion 2 I. BRIEF HISTORY, BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY/COMPANY PROFILE ? History JR&R Distributors, Inc. was established in March 1993 and appointed as the Authorized Distributor of Procter & Gamble Philippines, Inc. for the CAMANAVA (Caloocan, Malabon, Navotas & Valenzuela) area. It began its business with eight (8) delivery vans and a working capital of Php 10M a month.At the same time, it consisted of manpower of 20. Four months after, it was awarded the Novaliches and Quezon City Area. In April 2001, the area of Bulacan was given to JR&R. Since then, the company has continued to expand. Today, JR&R stands as one of the biggest Procter & Gamble distributors in the country. Its working capital has increased to Php 150M with a manpower complement of over 1,000 employees and operates with one hundred twenty-four (124) delivery vans and trucks. ? Work Values The company believes that good values provide a strong â€Å"backbone† to a growing company. The ompany supports values to guide all employees in maintaining high standards of ethical conduct and behavior. These values are: ? HONESTY – being truthful and â€Å"up front† with our co-workers, customers, communities and shareholders. ? INTEGRITY – saying what we mean and meaning what we say; delivering what we promise; standing for what is right. ? RESPECT – treating one another with fairness and dignity; appreciating the unique abilities and strengths of the individual and the advantages of diversity. ? TRUST – building team spirit and confidence by communicating openly and honestly and delivering our promises. RESPONSIBILITY – taking the initiative to speak up and report concerns regarding ethical conduct and to seek reliable guidance when in doubt. ? CITIZENSHIP AND PATRIOTISM – obeying the laws of the land and taking an active role in making the communities where we operate better. ? Teamwork at JR & R The Company values TEAM relationship among employees regardless of rank. The Company believes that employees work together in harmony to accomplish given responsibilities and that everyone strives to maintain and be a part of the organization in the attainment of INDUSTRIAL PEACE.As a member of the TEAM, every employee exerts his best efforts for the company to achieve active leadership in the industry, something that every employee would be proud of. 4 ? JR & R Distributors, Inc. Vision We are the undisputed leader in our area of responsibility in terms of market share and profitable volume growth. Our business processes and customer service are most preferred by our customers over that of internal and external competitors. We continue to lead in current best approaches and innovate on best practices for effectiveness and efficiency.We are the envy of our peers, competitors and customers in our manner and level of business results. We are an organization of world class employees. Our success lies in the ownership of our people on core processes and results. Our employees can handle multiple tasks and responsibilities. Our sustainable growth comes from our drive to continually improve and excel. Our people are highly motivated and well compensated for their business and personal contribution to the company. Financial leadership is our key strength. We excel in using financial data to plan, analyze and improve our business.We are the benchmark for cost efficiency in the industry. Our expertise in cost management allows us to reinvest long term and improve our employees’ standard of living and increase our leadership share in the market. Together, we are the No. 1 Distributor always in all ways. III. SUMMARY OF THE OJT EXPERIENCE Fin ally my 486 hours of OJT is finally done. For a month and a half I learned a lot of things. I had my OJT at JR & R Distributors Inc, at first it’s hard for me to wake up too early and ride all alone to office and specially riding a bus but as time goes by my body is now used to my daily routine.On our first day we had our orientation where we talked about the history of the company, the people behind its success, the policies, benefits, codes of conducts, etc. And then Ma’am Louise route us to the whole company for us to be familiar with the place, she introduced us to the whole group of Human Resource Department and as well as to the other department and companies that are under the JR and R Distributors Group of Companies. And also this is the first time that we met our buddy in the office the PHOTOCOPY MACHINE! Ma’am Regine is the one who taught us the do’s and don’ts of the machine.What I learned and experience during OJT is that talent alone i s not enough. It is important, but it is no guarantee of success. One must also be hard-working and should practice self-discipline. Sacrifice is important, too. I learned how to love my job and all the staffs. I learned to appreciate the work given to me. I was so dedicated that I do all my best to give correct service but sometimes there were errors. 6 For me on-the-job training gives us a taste of the real world–a glimpse of what lies ahead after we graduate.I’ve been too caught up with work as if I were actually a regular employee of the company and as if I were being compensated for my work. I guess it comes with the territory of being a/an practicum, OJT, intern. I would have preferred it to be this way though rather than doing nothing at all or being made as gophers. If there’s anything that I’ve learned to do, more than anything else, it’s enhancing my communication skills and enhancing my skills in the field of Information Technology. I ki nd of feel proud of myself. I started out with nothing and worried as hell that I wouldn’t be able to do the job.In sum, the whole OJT experience wasn’t as bad as I thought it would be. In fact, the 486 hours was a breeze except for those days when I had a hard time waking up, when traffic was really bad and when I was feeling lazy and out of it. Going to work and seeing some friendly faces helped a great deal. Having to do OJT with friends made it a whole lot easier for me. Furthermore, I’m very grateful that they expose me so much on what I must know regarding the work which suits my course. I’m very thankful that they treat me like them and they trust me with my work.I appreciate so much the working environment I had within the company because it helps me absorbed what I need to know. IV. ASSESSMENT OF THE OJT /PRACTICUM PROGRAM A. New knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired We learned how to interact with different people and how to be more flexible and how to be more responsible when it comes to our duties specially in monitoring the system, we also learned how to used different software applications used by our company. B. Theories actually seen in practice A Marketing and Information Technology theory is always what we seen. C.Feedback that can be given to the company or institution Working in JR and R Distributors, Inc. Company is a great experience, working with my co workers is not that much pressure and they also provide a allowance for their OJT trainee. 8 D. Benefits gained Experience is gained through time. The longer I do something the more I learn. The faster I gain knowledge & become a productive employee. I become more familiar with interpersonal relationships, networking, responsibility and the importance of interdependence within the working environment and I provided with job experience, an invaluable asset for achieving gainful employment.E. Problems encountered Making mistake on my first day is so embarrassi ng and during On-the-job training is that you have to get along with the employees. You have to know them better. And in technical part we encountered down system. V. APPENDICES A. Company Brochure and/or pamphlet 10 B. Endorsement Letter C. Training Plan D. Waiver Form 12 D. Waiver Form E. Daily Time Record 14 16 F. Appraisal Form 18 G. Certificate of Completion

Memo †Investment Recommendation for Centagenetix Essay

After looking over the material regarding Centagenetix, I have a recommendation as to whether or not MPM should invest in Centagenetix. I realize that we have spent a great deal of time and resources on this project already, and that Harvard Medical School is anticipating that this deal will go forward. I also realize that backing out of the deal now could reflect badly upon MPM and upon you, but my recommendation is that MPM invest in Centagenetix at this point. The main reason is that if Centagenetix is actually able to create a product to increase human longevity, there are some major questions and concerns about first getting this product to market, as well as what conditions this product might carry for measurable efficacy and if the market will be willing to accept them. I will discuss other considerations shortly but I think that is itself a potential deal-breaker. Let us first consider the New England Centenarian Study (NECS). While it is a worthwhile and interesting study, w ith good correlations between family members and a sample pool large enough to provide preliminary findings, it still has some weaknesses. The two major ones being how geographically centric it is and the size of it. Scientists who study aging have long argued that environment and lifestyle play the largest role in longevity, but Centagenetix is setting out to see if that is incorrect: if there is in fact a heritable gene (or genes) for longevity. It would seem that in order to provide a strong argument that the study reaches beyond environment, there should be more samples from areas beyond the eight towns around Boston that the NECS used. It could also be a problem that the majority of the centenarians used had no history of smoking or obesity and were generally small in stature. Granted that using these samples, they found a linkage on chromosome 4, but this does not seem to match the homologous zones for longevity in the previously studied model organisms. There are possible correlations on other chromosomes that track with those model organisms, but the patent that they filed is for the 10 million base pair region on chromosome 4. I am also concerned that the first attempt to scale the study to a larger population resulted in a noteworthy decrease of the linkage’s strength. Scaling it up further restored the statistical strength of the linkage, but the overall strength and valuation of the IP remains in question. We also need to consider the possibility that this 10M bp region will contain genes that other groups are already studying and that the patent is not strong enough to survive a challenge. It is possible that these longevity genes will be related to insulin receptors or free radical management: two areas that several groups or companies are already studying. How strong will the IP remain when there is competition for these hypothetical genes? If that is the case, the company’s major resource will be its SNP datab ase of centenarians, which will cost at least another $10 million to get to a functional state, plus more money to expand and maintain it. I have not seen any market analysis as to how much companies will pay for access to such a database. While Millennium has a somewhat similar model, they are much more pro-active in what they offer their clients, and that is what arguably drives their profits. The database will be valuable, but just how valuable is an important question. We need to know what the likelihood is that building such a SNP database will turn a profit, who specifically would be interested in paying for its use, and how much they would pay. In addition, would Centagenetix receive any royalties or payments for products based off findings from that SNP database? These are important considerations, especially if the possibility exists that the SNP database will have to support the company for any protracted amount of time. There remains a conflict-of-interest issue with Tom Perls and Harvard. If he can be enticed away from Harvard, the study that the company is based on will potentially no longer be available. Perls will be a key founding member of Centagenetix, and is expected be motivated and incentivized to work hard. Without a stake in the company, it remains unclear if that will happen. We also need to consider that if Perls does leave Harvard, will BIDMC still allow Centagenetix the use of the NECS, or should we re-consider the proposal from Whitehead to buy them out? The value of the IP revolves strongly around the NECS and Dr. Perls’ work. There needs to be a much clearer sense as to if or how these issues will be resolved, or else MPM might own a major stake in a company that will require a much larger investment to restore the IP we have assumed they already have. Finally, I want to return to my main point: Aside from a SNP database, what is at the end of the Centagenetix pipeline? Let us assume that they do find a gene or several genes that directly relate to longevity and are not in conflict with another group or company, that they can find the function of these genes, and eventually develop a product built on that discovery. Presumably, the function of this product would be to increase longevity in humans. How would they run clinical trials for this, and how long would they take? If the measure of success is how long someone lives, might not the trials take far longer than is feasible for us to provide funding? Assume that they get past pre-clinical trials; will the FDA even allow such a product to be tested? I th ink that we need to know more about how the FDA would approach such a product, as it seems like the regulatory hurdles for this will not be what most pharmaceutical companies are accustomed to. They are not trying to treat or effect a disease state, but rather to increase longevity. Granted that Ponce de Leà ³n spent much of his life searching Florida for the Fountain of Youth, and that a product like this will appeal to the general public, there is likely to be some serious regulatory and clinical trial hurdles to get it there. We also need to consider how the medical community and public will react to such a product. It seems likely that, given how many of the subjects from the NECS lived relatively healthy lives, the product will have some stipulations about health for maximum efficacy. If the public is required to not smoke, or be obese before this product will work for them then that will significantly affect adoption. In addition, how would the medical community respond to so mething with claims of increasing longevity? I think it would be highly skeptical and cynical. There will be difficulty in both convincing doctors to prescribe it, as well as getting payers to compensate for it. This will presumably be a product that patients will take for the rest of their lives, meaning there will likely be a struggle for both adoption and compliance. The only real gauge of such a product will be how long someone lives, and it will be challenging to demonstrate proof that any increase in longevity is a direct result of Centagenetix’s product. Significant market research needs to be done that considers the varying scenarios for adoption and lifestyle changes, to see if the market size is as big as one would expect it to be. In closing, I acknowledge that other products may come out of Centagenetix that are related to actual disease states or physiological processes. It is possible that they will develop an impressive and profitable drug that is related to the longevity of the patients of the NECS and be yond. Heck, they may even discover the cure for cancer. Even so, there are far too many unknowns and uncertainties in this proposal. The strength of the IP is in question. The availability of the NECS and even Dr. Perl is uncertain. What an end product looks like and what sort of market exists for it. How much more money it will take if they need to build a SNP database to remain in business, or if they have to do another NECS-like study of their own. The risks and uncertainties are sizeable, and the question about actual market size is significant. I do not think that MPM should invest in Centagenetix at this point.

The And Indian Passage Of The Epic Of Gilgamesh Essay

Religion is one of the most effective ways to have a positive impact on complex societies, whether it is obeying a religious figure, or following a set of rules. This is seen to be true in the Mesopotamian literature of the â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, the Egyptian text of ‘Negative Confessions’, and the Indian passage of Ashoka’s â€Å"Pillar Edicts†, where religion is the central theme throughout these documents. Even though, these documents have many differences, including time, place, and overall objective, there is one main similarity between them all. Religion made these societies stronger, by providing a strong moral code, that includes how to live a successful life in that community. Show To show how religion impacted these societies, I would first show how religion played a big part in all these communities, first starting with the Mesopotamian literature â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†. The â€Å"Epic of Gilgamesh†, is a biblical st ory in Genesis 6, which describes a great flood that destroyed almost all the human existence. In the document, the city of skuruppak is seated on the banks of Euphrates, and Gilgamesh is on a quest to avoid death that consumed Enkidu, and to find secret of his immorality. Also in this community, there are gods, so there are many religious figures, that have a lot of followers. Throughout the passage, we see Gilgamesh is seen speaking with his religious figures, such as master Ea, Warrior Ellil their counsellor, Ninurta their chamberlain, Ennugi theirShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Enkidu Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesEpics are characterized by longevity of text, a poetic style, and an account of the accomplishments of a legendary hero. Herbert Mason’s interpretation of an extract of the Epic of Gilgamesh lacks a large amount of text and the legendary hero so common in later epics such as Odyssey and Beowulf. Because the later epics are considered to be based on the Epic of Gilgamesh it is important to consider why, in Mason’s translation, is there a lack of an impressive amount of text and of a legendary heroRead MoreCatal Hyuk2725 Words   |  11 PagesLascaux Cave Paintings Neolithic Revolution Agricultural Revolution MAP: Olduvai Gorge Neander Valley Catal Huyluk Lascaux CHAPTER TWO: Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo-European Migrations IDENTITIES: The Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad Hammurabi’s Codes/Laws Stele Assyrians Economic Specialization Stratified Patriarchal Society Elite, Commoner, Dependent, Slave Cuneiform Moses Polytheism Cross-Cultural Interaction Cross-CulturalRead MoreWhat Aspects Of Human Life Remain The Same Across All Three Groups2974 Words   |  12 Pagesinvolving practical arts. It may refer to a trade or particular art. 9. How did early cities differ from Neolithic villages and towns? Before people lived in caves and camped out in the open. Chapter 2 Guided Reading Questions 1. What does the Epic of Gilgamesh tell us about the values of early Mesopotamia society? They had little of vocabulary, stone tools, believed in god, and had boats. 2. What role did water acquisition and management play in the political development of Mesopotamia? The water helps